SPAIN: Modern humans may have inherited a genetic predisposition to mental health issues from their distant ancestors, according to a recent study conducted by researchers in Spain. This research suggests that genetic adaptations from archaic human species, particularly the Denisovans, may have contributed to the vulnerability of contemporary humans to conditions like depression.
The study, which was published in the journal PLOS Genetics, builds on previous research that focused on a specific genetic variant known as SLC30A9. This variant has been found to have evolved through positive selection, particularly in East Asian populations.
SLC30A9 plays a vital role in regulating the transport of zinc across cell membranes in the human body. Zinc is essential for the healthy growth and functioning of our neurological and immune systems, as well as for maintaining the excitability of the nervous system. It is also known to have connections to mental health.
However, the study indicates that the genetic adaptations related to this gene in modern humans have altered its regulation. Previous research has also hinted at a potential association between the SLC30A9 genetic variant and a heightened risk of depression and other mental health issues. While solid claims regarding these connections are still under investigation, this study sheds light on the potential genetic origins of mental health vulnerabilities.
Rubén Vicente, a molecular biologist from Pompeu Fabra University, emphasizes the need for further research, suggesting that expanding the study to animal models could provide additional insights into the predisposition to mental illnesses.
The genetic variant in question does not match Neanderthals but appears to have similarities with the Denisovan gene. Ana Roca-Umbert, an evolutionary biologist from the same university, explains that genomic analysis revealed that this genetic variant likely emerged from interbreeding with archaic humans in the past, possibly the Denisovans.
To support their findings, the research team conducted laboratory experiments that illustrated how this genetic variation affects cellular structures, including mitochondria, the regulation of zinc, and metabolism. Furthermore, researchers speculate that the Denisovan variant may have conferred protection against cold climates, offering a selective advantage for humans and helping the SLC30A9 gene variant become prevalent in the current population.
Jorge Garcia-Calleja, another evolutionary biologist involved in the study, highlights the benefits of this genetic change, stating, “The change was beneficial and proved a selective advantage for humans.” As a result, the SLC30A9 gene variant has become more widespread in the current human population.
This research underscores the importance of delving into the evolutionary history of our genes and how they impact our health today. While more investigations are required to confirm these connections, this study provides a significant piece of the puzzle concerning the genetic links between our ancient ancestors and the mental health challenges faced by modern humans.
It opens up new avenues for understanding the complex interplay between genetics and mental health, potentially offering insights into the prevention and treatment of mental health issues in the future.
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